Medically reviewed by: Dr. Beza
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. Inflammation can cause scarring of the liver, cirrhosis of the liver, or cancer. The main cause of hepatitis is the hepatitis B virus, which can be caused by other infections and toxins, such as alcohol and certain drugs, as well as weakened immune systems.
According to the World Health Organization, there are five types of hepatitis B virus, each of which causes five types of hepatitis. Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E are the most common causes of illness and death worldwide.
1. Hepatitis A Virus
Certain sexually transmitted infections can transmit this virus.
In parts of the world where poor hygiene is rampant, the virus is taking its toll.
Safe and effective vaccines are available in every country to prevent this virus.
2. Hepatitis B virus
The virus is transmitted through blood, sperm and other fluids.
Another source of the virus could be a family member who became infected during childbirth or if the baby was infected during childhood.
The virus can be transmitted through blood transfusions.
One way is to use an infected needle during treatment. Another way to use injecting drugs is to become more vulnerable, especially those who get tattoos on their bodies.
Health professionals may break needles and inject themselves during treatment, thus contaminating them.
Safe and effective vaccines are available in every country to prevent this virus.
3. Hepatitis C virus
It is usually transmitted through contaminated blood. This can be done by donating or transmitting infected blood and blood components.
One way is to use an infected needle during treatment. Another way to use injecting drugs is to become more vulnerable, especially those who get tattoos on their bodies.
It can be sexually transmitted but is rare. There is no vaccine to prevent this virus.
4. Hepatitis D Virus
Only people with hepatitis B virus can be infected. People who are exposed to both viruses are at risk of serious illness, and the results can be devastating.
The hepatitis B vaccine is used to protect people against the virus.
5. Hepatitis E Virus
It is most often transmitted through contaminated food or water.
This virus is at the forefront of the widespread spread of hepatitis in developing countries.
Although there is a safe and effective vaccine against this virus, it is not widely available.
